The Learning Lead - Volume 2, 2023: Nourishing the Growing Brain - Early Nutrition for Preterm Infants

The first 1000 days of a child's life are critical for mental growth and development, and brain development during the third trimester of pregnancy has long-term consequences for learning, education, and mental health. Preterm birth can lead to neurodevelopmental delays and altered brain structure, which can affect cognitive development and social–emotional competence in later stages of life. However, adequate nutrition, including protein and energy, and important nutrients such as LCPUFAs, iron, and zinc can have promising neurodevelopmental benefits in preterm infants. Exclusive breastfeeding has been linked to improved cognitive neurodevelopmental scores in preterm infants, while improving early parenteral and enteral nutrition can potentially reduce energy and nutrient deficits, leading to improved brain growth, maturation, and neurodevelopment.