The Microbe-gut–brain Connection: Study Highlights the Importance of Gut Microbiota in Neurodevelopment

A recent study explored the relationship between early-life gut microbiota and neurodevelopment in mice. This study suggests that exposure to antibiotics during early life can change the gut microbiota, leading to a subtle but long-lasting impact on the gut–brain–immune axis. Antibiotic-induced gut microbial depletion has a sex- and time-dependent effect on circulating immune cells. Furthermore, even brief exposure to antibiotics in early life can have a significant effect on the composition and structure of the developing gut microbiota, reducing its diversity and changing the abundance of certain microorganisms, potentially impacting behaviour, neuroimmune function, and neurodevelopment. To promote positive neurodevelopmental and behavioural outcomes in later life, it is essential to maintain gut microbial diversity and stability during the critical window of early life. These findings highlight the importance of careful consideration when administering antibiotics and lay the groundwork for developing strategies to support a healthy gut microbiome in early life.