Development and evolution of the gut:brain axis - Dr. Peter Lu

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are among the most common diagnoses encountered in paediatrics, with population-based studies reporting a prevalence of 20–29% in children from around the world. The medical, social and economic impact of FGIDs in children is substantial. As our understanding of the pathophysiology of these disorders grows, it is becoming increasingly clear that the gut–brain axis plays an integral role in the development of FGIDs in children. Understanding how events in infancy and childhood affect the complex interplay between the central nervous system, the enteric nervous system and the function of the gastrointestinal tract will allow us to better recognise and treat children and adults with FGIDs. Over the past few decades, we have identified several psychosocial factors and medical events that influence the development and presentation of FGIDs later in life. We will review these early life factors, and discuss how this knowledge can be applied to the diagnosis and management of children with FGIDs.

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Dr. Peter Lu